The investigation of glass membrane nowadays is very important branch in scientific researches, has a differences sides. One of them is the change in composition of glass membrane for control the phase separation and pore size. The important group of usage composition in glass membrane is the BOROSILICATE glass former. The effect of additives such as CaO and BaO on the these systems has been investigated in some scientist`s researches. In this research, the effect of MgO and temperature variation on these compositions and the phase separation quality and their pore size was investigated. Addition of 0, 2, 4 and 6 percent of MgO with change in heat treatment temperature in four temperatures 670oC, 690oC, 710oC, 730oC was investigated. For preparation the glass membranes, after melting the primary composition, the molten glass was cooled and then annealed. Productions heat treated in four temperatures and then etched. After analyzed the samples with SEM, leaching the samples and then samples analyze with porous analysis such as BET and BJH. At the end receiving to mean pore size about 12 nm and although pore size distribution from 5 to 100 nm was the important results of this research.

In spite of rapid advances in keratorefractive surgery in recent decades, the most common method for refractive error correction throughout the world is GLASSES, the discovery of which is attributed to the Persians. Other advantages include protection of the eye against trauma and radiations, correction of phorias and tropias and cosmetic reasons. The purpose of this article is to describe and review different components of GLASSES (frame, temple and lens), sunGLASSES, photochromic and polarizing GLASSES, antireflective and mirror coats, progressive additional lenses and also recommendations about frame selection.

The aim of the current study was to find a reliable joint between BOROSILICATE glass and Kovar alloys. For this purpose, the Dilatometer test was applied to calculate the thermal expansion coefficient of glass and Kovar alloys, and the materials with lower differences in the thermal expansion coefficient were used to join the Kovar to glass. Due to the nonmetallic properties of glass, it is theoretically impossible to join glass to metal as it shows no wettability. Therefore, a material was applied as a sealer between Kovar and glass to solve this problem. The Kovar samples were oxidized in the N2-H2-H2O atmosphere to control the chemical composition and also form an oxide layer that does not contain Fe2O3. The tensile strength of the produced joints was investigated at different times and temperatures. The results showed that the highest tensile strength was 16.63 MPa which was achieved at 10 min and 1000°C.

Bioactive GLASSES are silicate-based and can form a strong chemical bond with the tissues. These biomaterials are highly biocompatible and can form a hydroxyapatite layer when implanted in the body or soaked in the simulated body fluid. Due to several disadvantages, conventional glass processing method including melting of glass components, is replaced by sol-gel method with a large number of benefits such as low processing temperature, higher purity and homogeneity and therefore better control of bioactivity. Bioactive GLASSES have a wide range of applications, particularly in dentistry. These GLASSES can be used as particulates or monolithic shapes and porous or dense constructs in different applications such as remineralization or hypersensitivity treatment. Some properties of bioactive GLASSES such as antibacterial properties can be promoted by adding different elements into the glass. Bioactive GLASSES can also be used to modify different biocompatible materials that need to be bioactive. This study reviews the significant developments of bioactive GLASSES in clinical application, especially dentistry. Furthermore, we will discuss the field of bioactive GLASSES from beginning to the current developments, which includes processing methods, applications, and properties of these GLASSES.

The present study examined the vitrification of spent ion exchange (IEX) resins in a BOROSILICATE glass matrix on the laboratory scale. For this purpose, the simulated spent IEX resin waste prepared by doping non-radioactive cobalt and cesium elements on a combination of cationic and anionic resins was employed. For glass wasteform preparation, heat-treated (at 150 °C) spent IEX resin was mixed with BOROSILICATE glass ferrite in the range of 20-40 weight percent and then melted at 1200 °C. To evaluate the prepared glass wasteforms, their volume reduction ratio (VRR) and chemical stability were investigated. According to the obtained results, with the increase in the spent IEX resin loading, the volume reduction ratio of the final wasteform increases. However, in the samples with spent IEX resins loading higher than 30 wt.%, phase separation (white color containing insoluble sulfate) was observed on the surface of the glass. Investigations showed that glass wasteform containing 30 wt.% spent IEX resins provides the best conditions for waste immobilization. The relative volume reduction ratio of this sample was measured as 86.61%. The normalized leaching rate of cesium and cobalt from this wasteform was calculated as 7.43×10-5 and 6.93×10-5 g.m-2.day-1, respectively, using the PCT method.

Photodoping with silver affects all the physical and chemical properties of the As-S chalcogenide films, particularly their electronic and optical properties. In this article, optical properties of As-S films photodoped with silver are investigated in some detail. Changes in the refractive index of up to 0.5 are detected in these GLASSES over the whole wavelength range from the visible up to the far-IR. Also, changes up to 0.6 eV in the optical gap can be achieved. Although the introduction of Ag increases the absorption coefficient in the visible region, in the near IR and far IR part of the spectrum, a remains small.

In this work, sol– gel derived bioactive GLASSES (BGs) system of 60% SiO2-(36-x) CaO-4P2O5-x SrO (where x = 2, 4, 6 and 8 mol%) were obtained. The bioactivity and proliferation of G292 cells was investigated for Sr-containing BGs. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were utilized to study the obtained phases, hydroxyapatite (HA) morphology, and its functional groups, respectively. The XRD and FTIR tests showed that the rate of hydroxyapatite formation on sample 2S was higher than that of other samples. Also 3-(4, 5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay performed after one day revealed that the sample containing 6 mol% of Sr (6S) showed higher viability. However, the sample with 8 mol% Sr (8S) showed a decrease in bioactivity in osteoblast G292 cells proliferation. According to the results, 6S BG specimen with 6 mol% SrO exhibited appropriate bioactivity and cell proliferation. This finding showed that the obtained BGs could be potentially used for drug delivery systems as well as dental and orthopedic applications.

In this work, the structural properties and spectroscopic behavior 80 mol.%TeO2-20mol.%LiF GLASSES which were doped with 0.05, 0.2 mole% Gd2O3 have been studied. It was shown that, by increasing the amount of Gd2O3 the glass stability was decreased. The PL emissions at 431nm and 627nm wavelengths were distinguished by 320nm excitation. The FT-IR analysis showed deformed TeO4 groups in these GLASSES.

Oxynitride GLASSES are found as grain boundary phases in silicon nitride ceramics. They are effectively alumino-silicate GLASSES in which nitrogen substitutes for oxygen in the glass network, and this causes increases in glass transition and softening temperatures, viscosities (by two to three orders of magnitude), elastic moduli and microhardness. Calcium silicate-based GLASSES containing fluorine are known to have useful characteristics as potential bioactive materials. Therefore, the combination of both nitrogen and fluorine additions to these GLASSES may give useful GLASSES or glass-ceramics with enhanced mechanical stability for use in biomedical applications. This paper reports glass formation and evaluation of glass thermal properties in the Ca-Si-Al-O-N-F system. Within the previously defined Ca-Si-Al-O-N glass forming region at 20 eq.% N, homogeneous, dense GLASSES are formed.However, addition of fluorine affects glass formation and the reactivity of glass melts. This can lead to fluorine loss as SiF4, and also nitrogen loss, leading to bubble formation and porous GLASSES. The compositional limits for both dense and porous glass formation at 20 eq.% N and 5 eq.% F have been mapped. At high fluorine contents under conditions when Ca-F bonding is favoured, CaF2 crystals precipitate in the glass. The role of the different cations on glass formation in these oxyfluoro-nitride GLASSES is discussed.